A Brief History of Masonry: Its Types and Applications
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A Brief History of Masonry: Its Types and Applications
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Stone is one of the earliest building materials that humans have used to build tools and shelters to meet their needs. The Late Stone and Paleolithic periods indicate periods in which the use of metal ores and other materials was prior.
The work of stone-built houses in northern Iran dates back 7,000 years. In stone buildings, carcass stone is used with gypsum and lime mortar. It should be acknowledged that although the rock has partly been replaced by brick-like materials due to its heavy transport and extraction problems, it continues to play a role in heavy and heavy structures such as bridges, tunnels, avalanches, retaining walls, rock formations, folding seats, etc. has memorized.
The rocks are generally classified as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic in terms of origin. Examination of general properties of rocks such as tensile strength, pressure tolerance, permeability, wave propagation, stability, and consideration of layering and poor surfaces are considered.
Stones typically have surfaces with less or less adhesion and bond strength than other layers, which can be of great importance in examining rocks. Overall, the building stone should be free of grooves, veins, cracks, pores, caries, and loose layers, and evenly colored.
Generally, natural stone with sufficient resistance to weather and interesting color can be used in construction operations as carcass, rock, bearing stone, plaque stone, cap stone, pillar stone and even in containers and stone tools.
1- Carcass stone is a rock that has no special shape and is used in the same way as it is extracted from the mine and its use in substructures, filling the gap between rocks and rough flooring is limited.
2 - Rockstone: A rock made from carcass stone and neatly dimensioned in the Bakkie Building Workshop, with specified corners. Rockstone is used for barrier walls, paneling and flooring that require little facade.
3-Windstone : A rock that is perfectly shaped with a smooth finish, and particularly smooth on one side.
They are used in tunneling, bridging, paving, barrier and non-barrier walls, paving and stairs, and are one of the major engineering applications of carcass rock in mountainous areas of stone arches used in bridges, gates and under arches of stone corridors. Takes
4- Plaque Stone: Plaque stone is used to represent the surfaces. To make the plaque, cut the pebble into the desired thickness in the grinding workshop and then polish it to the mirror.
They choose cheap ornamental stones from travertine and expensive stones from granite and marble. Plaque stone is used for interior and exterior decorations and on floors, stair walls, window floors, side and under plaster walls, and decorative items such as vases, candlesticks, tables and more.
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